Avoid cutting the leader, or the vertical stem at the very top of the trunk, on a young tree. Prune back any crossing branches or branches that grow in toward the middle of a young tree, and cut off lower branches on the trunk as the tree grows to raise the crown.

Properly pruning young trees is especially important so they grow to be healthy and well structured. Cut close to the branch collar, the swollen area at the base of the branch, when pruning. You can also remove lower branches to raise the crown if you need more clearance under the tree. Thin some of the branches in an overcrowded tree to allow more light and air to reach the crown. You should also remove any branches that are bigger in diameter than the trunk. Remove any suckers, which look like small stems, that grow up from the ground or base of the trunk. When pruning, aim to remove any dead, broken, or diseased branches, as well as any downward-growing limbs or branches that are entangled or crossed. For thicker branches, you can use a small chainsaw.

You’ll need pruning shears to cut branches less than 1 inch (2.5 cm) in diameter and a hand saw to remove branches up to 4 inches (10 cm) in diameter. The best time to prune a tree is during the dormant season, or late winter through early spring. Pruning a tree can improve its appearance, prevent pests and disease, and help the tree grow strong and healthy.

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